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Monday, May 25, 2009

Organophosphate Poisoning


What is an organophosphate?

Chemically, organophosphates (OP) are usually esters (R-CO2-R), amides (R-NH2), or thiol (R-SH) derivatives of phosphonic acid (H3O3P). Organophosphate is widely used in agriculture as insecticides, veterinary and human medications , lubricants, plasticisers, and flame- retardants. The worst use of all is for chemical warfare as nerve agents.





Structure of amides





Structure of Ester







Example of structure of organophosphate pesticide, Fenamiphos







What happens if someone gets sick from an organophosphate?

Symptoms of mild organophosphate poisonin g may include the following:

  • chest tightness
  • shortness of breath
  • Running nose
  • Nausea
  • vomiting
  • stomach cramps
  • muscle twitching
  • confusion











The Three Phases of OP Poisoning

After an exposure to an OP agent the clinical syndrome progresses through three well defined phases: Initial Cholinergic Phase, Intermediate Syndrome and Delayed Polyneuropathy phase.


Initial Cholinergic Phase

The first stage is known as the Initial Cholinergic Phase. This first phase is a medical emergency that requires rapid treatment. how do we identify this initial cholinergic phase?This phase is marked by an increase in nasal, oral, lacrimal, and bronchial secretions, bronchoconstriction, sweating, vomiting and GI distress with increased motility and cramping. During this phase you can also see muscle fasciculations, which can progress to flaccid paralysis if acetylcholine accumulates in the nicotinic sites at the neuromuscular junctions. initial cholinergic phase usually lead to Death due to the cardiac effects that occur. Bradycardia and other arrhythmias can occur in combination with respiratory depression and CNS depression. This phase generally lasts from 24- 48 hours.


Intermediate Syndrome

The second phase is the intermediate syndrome and is characterized by the onset of muscle weakness. The muscle weakness affects respiratory muscles, such as the diaphragm.

This phenomenon can last for up to two years after exposure and is accompanied by muscle weakness and sensitivity to non depolarizing neuromuscular blocking medications.

Delayed Polyneuropathy Phase

The third and final phase is the delayed polyneuropathy phase. This usually sets 7-14 days post-exposure. This phase result in symmetrical muscle weakness in the periphery.



What is the treatment for organophosphate poisoning?

  • Prevention of illness after contact: Leave the area and move to a new place !
  • Remove clothing.
    • Quickly take off clothing that may have the chemical on it. Try to becareful and not letting ur eyes,mouth and nose in contact with OP. if you are helping ur fren to take off the clothes, try not to touch the contaminated area.
  • Wash affected areas.
    • wash any chemical from the skin with lots of soap and water As quickly as possible.
    • If the eyes are burning or vision is blurred, rinse your eyes with plain water for 10 to 15 minutes.
    • If contact lenses are worn, throw them away and dont wear them back. If eyeglasses are worn, wash them with soap and water.
    • If you are wearing jewelry that you can wash with soap and water, wash it and put it back on. If not,throw it away.


  • Discard contaminated items.
  • put all the contaminated stuff into a plastic bag and sealed them properly.
  • if possible , contact the incharge department and they will send ppl here to collect the contaminent from you
  • CAUTION: DO NOT THROW THE CONTAMINENT YOURSELF!!

  • Treatment of illness: If an organophosphate is ingested, the person’s stomach may be pumped at a hospital. Other times, the person is given activated charcoal to drink. Activated charcoal binds with the poison in the body to help the body to pass out the poison naturally.

Hospitals and other health care experts have medicines that reverse the effects of organophosphate poisonings.


Is there a vaccine for organophosphate poisoning?

No, there is no vaccine for organophosphate poisoning.




Reference :

  1. http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/97/2/75
  2. http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/policy/pesticides/Profiles/fenamiphos.html





XOXOXOXOXO
Live.Life.FOOD.



5:05 AM

Wednesday, May 13, 2009


Top 5 ingredients in FOOD that make your HEALTH goes down the hill~


Do anyone realise that moods and emotional health can be drastically affected by the food you eat???

The brain chemicals such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, are very sensitive and can easily be affected by other foreign chemicals that enter our bloodstream.

Here are the five hidden chemicals that may be the reason for your emotional and mental health





Organophosphates


This class of chemicals is the top killers of life.Do anyone realised about this chemical? It can be found in pesticides and herbicides. A study is done and found that neurological problems such as anxiety, irritability, depression and restlessness are higher among farmers and their families who used organophosphate pesticides. now u know how dangerous and poisonous of Organophosphates.
these farmers are 6 times more at risk to suffer depression in their lifetime. There are farmers who committed suicide few years after expose to organophosphate.

Organophosphates affect our nervous system function. It is easily absorbed into our bloodstream through skin, mucus membranes, lungs and intestines. Once exposed, a person will experience headaches, dizziness, profuse sweating, blurred vision, respiratory problems, nauseating, vomiting, abdominal cramps and even loss of coordination as well as reflexes.

The only way to avoid organophosphates is to consume organic fruits, vegetables and baby food preparations.





Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

Have any idea about "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome?? If there is an awful irritation in your throat, sudden headache or dip in your mood, you are suffering from the “Chinese restaurant syndrome”. A studies have been carried out and most of the Chinese Restaurant in Asia uses TONS of MSG in preparing the dishes. Most of the process food are loaded with MSG too for example

Studies have shown that MSG is linked to mild headaches, migraines, itching, nauseating, vomiting, diarrhea, mood swings as well as depression. Some people who are really allergic to MSG would experience burning sensations, facial and chest pressure as well as eye inflammations.

Therefore, it is best to hav healthy home cooked food rather than having meal outside where the taste of the food actually comes from the artificial flavour enchancing. Use herbs and spices to zest up your food.






Artificial Food Colorings

Chemical colorings such as Tartrazine (E102 or FD&C Yellow 5) are especially harmful as they affect our emotional and behaviour of a growing child.some of the reactions are instant anxiety, migraines, clinical depression, itching, outbreaks of eczema and general weaknesses as well as sleep disturbances will appear after consuming food colouring.

The fact is that the manufacturers do have other alternatives.






Food Preservatives

Some people feel uneasy, heavy and having headaches after taking a particular canned food or drink. It could be due to the food preservatives. Another class of preservatives we have to watch out for is calcium propionate, which is to prevent mold. It is widely used in large bakeries that mass-produce breads. As times goes by, reactions such as headaches, migraine, eczema, irritable bowel syndrome, tiredness, depression and fatigue will appear as the level of proprionate in ur body increases.





Heavy metals

Lead is an obvious cause for the increase of depression and aggressive behaviors in children.when our body is exposed to mercury, The same emotional and mental reaction will occur when our body is exposed to mercury. reactions caused by heavy metal would be impaired coordination, tremors, irritability, memory loss, excessive anger, depression and in more serious cases like blurred vision and muscle or joint pain.






If you suspect your health condition is going down the hill, start to be more selective in your choice of food today. Switch to organic and unprocessed foods. When your chemical burden in your body is reduced, you can kiss your chemical-related blues goodbye.






Reference:
  1. http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Fe-Ge/Food-Preservatives.html
  2. http://chemistry.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/foodaddi.html
  3. http://chemistry.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/indepth.food/additives/table.html





XOXOXOXOXOXO
Live.Life.Food




6:55 AM

Tuesday, May 12, 2009


FOOD PYRAMID


Food is any substance, usually composed of carbohydrates,fats, proteins and water, that can be eaten or drunk by living oorganism for nutrition or pleasure purpose.

All foods can be represent in the Food Pyramid

The food pyramid speaks about

Eat at a variety of foods. A balanced diet is one that includes all the food groups. In other words, have foods from every color, every day.

Eat less of some foods, and more of others. You can see that the bands for meat and protein (purple) and oils (yellow) are skinnier than the others. That's because you need less of those kinds of foods than you do of fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy foods.




Grain Group :
Bread , Cereal , Rice and pastas is grown from cereal crops, hence, they fall under this category.
Grains supply food energy in the form of starch
6-11 servings are recommended per day as we need ENERGY for daily activities


Vegetable Group:
vegetables contains many vitamin and minerals.
however, different types of vegetables provide different types of vitamin
that is why we are adviseble to consume a wide range of vegetables
just like carrot contain vitamin A which is good for the eye sight,
brocolli contains iron and calcium where calcium is 1 of the important element for strong bone and teeth formation.
vegetables contains low fats and calories but cooking process can often added these.
3 to 5 servings per day are recommended .


Fruits Group:
fruits are low in calories and fat but they are a good source of sugar , fiber and vitamins.
2 to 4 servings per day are recommended.

Dairy Group:
this group consist of yogurt, milk and cheese
Dairy products are produced from milk of mammals
milk and its deviriatives products are a rich source of the mineral calcium but also provide protein, phosphorus vitamin A and vitamin D
however,most of the dairy products are high in saturated fats and cholesterol compared to grains,vegetable and fruit.
therefore, only 2 to 3 servings recommended per day.



Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, and Nuts group

Meat is a major source of protein , it also contain Iron , Zinc and vitamin12.
this includes chicken,pork,beef,mutton,fish,seafood,eggs.
however, they are often high in fat and cholesterol where large portion of meats are not recommended




The Food Pyramid teaches us how to eat happily, how to maintain a healthy diet and most important to maintain our health condition
so that we dont consume too much of food which contain high cholesterol and fats.




Reference :
  1. www.oakhills.k12.oh.us/.../food_service.html
  2. http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/pyramid.html






XoXoXoXoXo
Live.Life.Food




6:59 AM

Disclaimer
SPONGYTIFF rules this blog here =D
A blog specially created for FOODs!!
I Love to EAT!
and i realize we eat to be alive..

sometimes i wonder, why do we need food but not others?
sometimes i wonder, how actually food help us in maintaining our health?
so...let's study chemistry to learn all the mechanism that happen everyday in our body..

the owner

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im a person who really interested with food...
i can do everything just for food like how i choose to study foos science..
hope i can apply whatever i have learn in this course
and provide a healthy food world for others.
the one who i love
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this is my parents who give me everything i need and want


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this is me n my sister who will provide me everything i need without saying another word....


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this is my house pet--- Brendi who is really naughty..even he is just a pet, but i do take good care of the food he is consuming now.
to avoid any health problem!!! :)


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louis- my baby bunny, he is very sensitive towards the food he consume maybe due to his IgE...
his fur will drop non-stop if i give him the wrong food...
thats why i believe, a balance diet is very important not only for human but for all creatures!

vegetables
May 2009
July 2009

meat
Enoch
Janice
Jesse
Kevin
Eva
Lesley
Zen Siong
Ma Ni
Yew Hong
Kelly

chit chit chat chat
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food guides
partial basecodes:jellyhearts*
image:donwei(:
taking away this little portion is also known as sinning!(: